Soil erosion in this region has been identified as a major problem due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. Among these, the univeral soil loss equation usle 31,32, european soil ero sion model eurosem 33, soil erosion model for. Using the remote sensing and gis technology for erosion. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on dudhawa. The mathematical foundations of erosion models are introduced and simpli. The soil erosion probability zones in the study area has been categorized into four types viz. Graduate school of agricultural and life sciences, the university of tokyo, yayoi 111, bunkyoku, tokyo, 18657, japan. A user friendly gis model for the estimation of erosion risk. Soil erosion by water has accelerated over recent decades due to nonsustainable land use practices resulting in substantial land degradation processes. Thus, the erosion values obtained from the rusle revised universal soil loss equation more accurately represents longterm averages. During the construction process, soil is highly vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. Himalayan physiographic unit of india in due course has become populated and is tolerating all kinds of human interventions. T value tolerable erosion equilibrium between soil gains and losses. Application of revised universal soil loss equation rusle.
Watershed soil erosion, integrated gis, rusle modelling, climate change, buffer strips how to cite this paper. Some models focus on longterm natural or geological erosion, as a component of landscape evolution. The implementation of appropriate measures is strongly needed in order to prevent. Human activities including agriculture and soil conservation can disturb the key soil erosion processes, thus contributing to a large fraction of variability in the observations. Erosion model demonstration this demonstration shows the effect ground cover has on soil erosion. Model postconstruction stormwater runoff control ordinance. The details of all publications are in the researchgate in full text pdf forms. Methods and materials modeling soil erosion by rusle. Documents below in pdf format requre adobe acrobat reader to view them. In order to develop landscapescale estimates of soil erosion in minnesotas agricultural. Coupling of erosion models with gis is discussed, followed by examples of gis implementation of simple and advanced models. Read online soil erosion modeling using gis and rusle on the eurajoki. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on dudhawa catchment. Soil erosion modeling and conservation planning mafiadoc.
Assessment of soil erosion using rusle, gis and remote. Lisle encyclopedia of life support systems eolss arklscp ff off, 1 where a is the mass of soil lost from unit area per year, averaged over as many years as. He is a pastpresident and honorary member of the european society for soil conservation and the author of soil erosion and conservation 3rd edition, blackwell 2005. If we lose this layer, this area will become useless to farmers and native. Assessment of soil erosion by rusle model using remote. Estimation of vegetation parameter for modeling soil erosion.
However, it can be regarded as a useful model in differentiating areas of high and low erosion potential schulze, 1979. The slemsa model is neither meant for estimation of sediment yields to rivers or dams nor soil deposition in depressions. This project would increase the understanding of the waterborne soil erosion directly related to river systems and the gis combined rusle model. Application of gis methods in soil erosion modelling. Box 488, coshocton, oh 43812, usa 3national soil survey center, usdanrcs, federal. Potential erosion, representing by soil losses, has units of weight per unit area per year thayr. However, when earthquakes occur, massive amounts of soil, including crops and forests are a. Helping north coast landholders reduce soil erosion. Published online december 8, 2017 soil erosion modeling and conservation planning james c. We used tangible landscape to analyze distribution of soil erosion and deposition potential in a small watershed and to design conservation measures by changing topography and. Unesco eolss sample chapters water interactions with energy, environment, food and agriculture vol. Implicit in this hypothesis is the supposition that waterstable soil aggregates and primary particles can be viewed as a tracer for soc of an equivalent settling velocity. The objective of this thesis is to determine the mean annual soil loss rate using the rusle model for the upper catchment of cameron highlands for. Upland erosion modeling rusle revised universal soil loss equation widely used method for estimating soil erosion the original usle is an empirical equation 1.
However, the complexity of erosion processes and the number of scientific disciplines. Renschlera,b, jon harbora ausdaagricultural research service ars national soil erosion research laboratory nserl, purdue university, 1196 soil building, west lafayette, in 479071196, usa. Rusle, a bnctional model derived fiom the analysis of intensive soil erosion data, has seen wide application in longterm water erosion pre diction renard et al. Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. Download pdf soil erosion free online new books in politics. Soil erosion risk, usle, model builder, gis, remote sensing. Soil erosion download soil erosion ebook pdf or read online books in pdf. When sufficient energy is no longer available with erosive agents to transport the particles then the third phase is called a deposition. Sheet erosion sheet erosion is the removal of soil in thin layers by raindrop impact and shallow surface flow. Soil erosion assessment using gis and revised universal.
The calculated erosion values reflected by this model can vary significantly due to fluctuating weather conditions. Nov 10, 2016 although soil erosion plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and affects the well being of aquatic and marine ecosystems, few earth system models include processbased representations of the transport of sediments and particulate organic carbon from land to rivers and streams. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional. Hydrological data is also analyzed to give some understanding of the watershed response to the primary erosive input. The soil erosion probability zone was generated by overlaying different layers such as land useland cover, soil, slope and a rainfall maps using weighted index overlay method. Recently, a mathematical model called epic erosion productivity impact calculator was developed to determine the relationship between soil erosion and soil productivity in the u. Soil erosion can be effectively controlled by modifying topography to reduce concentrated overland flow or by planting vegetation to reduce soil detachment and transport. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring phenomenon wheresoil particles are displaced and carried away by water, wind or other agents. The rate at which erosion occurs depends upon the properties of the soil, terrain, climate, rainfall intensity and. Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with gis, rusle. The rusle uses the simple equation a r x k x ls x c x p. Modeling soil erosion with cs minnesota environment and. Monitoring and modeling of erosion processes can help people better understand the causes of soil erosion, make predictions of erosion under a range of possible conditions, and plan the implementation of preventative and restorative strategies for erosion. Dr mark nearing has authored more than 200 scientific papers on the subject of soil erosion over the past 25 years.
It results in loss of the finest soil particles that contain most of the available nutrients and organic matter in the soil. Nearing, and holm kipka abstract accelerated soil erosion induced by human activities is a primary cause of soil degradation worldwide. Hardly any part of the world has remained unchanged since the arrival of the specieshomo sapiens including the mountain ecosystems. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. Modeling reforestations role in climateproofing watersheds from flooding and soil erosion fulltext html xml download as pdf size. A soil erosion model was developed to integrate ndvi and land slope to esti mate the soil erosion rate and the vegetation cover is a major factor of soil erosion. He is past president and serves on the board of directors of. The concepts and methods are illustrated using two case studies. Brief overview of catchment modeling and trap efficiency of reservoirs. Soil erosion and sediment yield modeling using remote sensing and gis techniques 61 30 where, y is the sediment yield on a given day ton, qs is the surface runoff mm, qp is the peak runoff rate m3s, a area is area km2, 3. In addition to the input file for cligen par file, the cligen output file and wepp model use units of ms for wind speed. This chapter explains the theory and methods for gisbased modeling of soil erosion, sediment transport, and deposition by surface water. Columbus, oh 43210, usa 2north appalachian experimental watershed, usdaagricultural research service, p.
The harerge region of eastern ethiopia, especially the highlands with altitudes greater than 1500m are among the highly affected areas by. Ethiopia is known for its historic agriculture, but also for the associated, widespread, and ongoing land degradation. Provided for noncommercial research and educational use. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Estimation of potential soil erosion rate using rusle and. The older agricultural areas of the northeast have long been particularly affected, but the highest soil erosion rates are currently being observed in the western parts of the high lands. In accordance with these agents, erosion is sometimes divided into water erosion, glacial. The presented methods cover modeling of hillslope erosion and deposition, gully formation, and landscape evolution processes. Eroded soil endangers water resources by reducing water quality and causing the siltation of aquatic habitat for fish and other desirable species. Estimation of vegetation parameter for modeling soil erosion using linear spectral mixture analysis of landsat etm data alejandro m. A landdisturbing activity has been initiated and permanent stabilization of the site has not been completed.
Journal of the american water resources association jawra 402. The wepp model, cligen model and climate data files have not changed. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scales. Because of its unique ability of the rosehairsine model to explicitly recognize the differential behavior of the various. The usle predicts potential erosion and is widely used in the world.
More importantly, we find that eventscale climatic parameters e. Introduction purpose during the construction process, soil is highly vulnerable to erosion by wind and water. Soil erosion is a three phase phenomena consisting of the detachments of individual soil particles from the soil mass and their transport by erosive agents, such as running water and wind. Its a mathematical and an empirical model used to describe soil erosion processes and based on many factors such as soil, topography, climate, land cover and human activities. Soil, as formally defined in the soil science society of america glossary of soil science terms, is. Why is it important to conserve soil on the surface. The existence of stones over the soil surface may reduce erosion by protecting soil from rain splash. This research established an empirical methodology to estimate potential soil erosion rate based on revised universal soil loss equation rusle and e30 model. Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scalesthe role of geomorphologists in land management research and implementation chris s. Soil erosion involves detachment and transport of soil particles from top soil layers, degrading soil quality and reducing the productivity of affected lands. Modeling the impacts of soil management practices on runoff, sediment yield, maize productivity, and soil organic carbon using apex pdf. Pdf modeling soil erosion using rusle and gis tools. Introduction the accuracy of model prediction is important.
Thus, assessment of soil erosion and identifying the lands more prone to erosion are vital for erosion management process. Assessing soil erosion although soil erosion has been taking place very slowly in natural. Model ordinance for agricultural erosion control original publication august 1994 updated april 2014 minnesota board of water and soil resources 520 lafayette road north st. Soil loss is so gradual that the erosion usually goes unnoticed, but the cumulative. The water erosion prediction project wepp developed a computer model for predicting soil erosion by water. Methods according to wischmeier and smith 1978, the usle expresses the rate of soil erosion in the form of soil loss in tonshectare th i. In terms of soil texture, silt, very fine sand, and clay soils tend to be less erodible than sand, sandy loam, and loamy soils. Caesar cellular automaton evolutionary slope and river model wilsim webbased interactive landform simulation model wind erosion. The united states department of agriculture, the agricultural research. A person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by or is under common control of another person. The soil erodibility, kf, is in practice calculated as the unknown in equation 1, given values for the slope length l, slope so, the crop management factor, cf, and pf, the factor describing any erosion control practice which might be adopted.
Many accurate soil erosion models were developed over the last four decades to assess soil erosion risk at differ ent levels. Soil erosion is one of the main forms of land degradation. However, many erosion models were developed to quantify the effects of accelerated soil erosion i. If you do not have acrobat reader, click here to download it. Due to the relatively simple empirical approach, the typical erosion processes such as splash erosion, soil transport and soil deposition are not considered as a dynamic process. Universal soil loss equation and revised universal soil loss equation 9 include any impact either erosion or deposition of the concentrated flow channels that form in the natural swales at the bottom of the roughly planar hillslopes, and certainly did not address classical gullying processes that often occur at steep bound. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. It is essentially a model for soil removal schulze, 1979. The presented methods cover modeling of hillslope erosion and. Kimble3 1ohio state university, school of natural resources, 2021 coey rd. Download soil erosion modeling using gis and rusle on the eurajoki. Integrated modeling of soil erosion for a canadian watershed. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as.
Modeling reforestations role in climateproofing watersheds. Method factsheet rusle revised universal soil loss. The aims of this paper is to model the spatial distribution of soil erosion in densu river basin of ghana using rusle and gis tools and to use the model to explore the relationship between erosion susceptibility, slope and land use and land cover lulc in the basin. The fourth 4th largest river of papua new guinea, and its catchment area was considered for this research. Soil erosion and sedimentation control ordinance page 2 of 18 affiliate. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of soil loss rate, assess. Soil qualitymost of the nutrients needed to sustain plant and animal life are in the top layer or horizon of soil. Erosion contributes to loss of agricultural land productivity and ecological and esthetic values of natural environment, and it impairs the production of safe drinking water and hydroenergy production. They further stated that developmentof proc essbased erosion prediction technology has required the delineation and description offunda. Soil eroded from the upland catchment causes depletion of fertile agricultural land and the. However, their hillslope erosion component usually considers only soil erosion.
Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands. Spatially explicit information on soil erosion is critical for the development and implementation of appropriate soil and water conservation swc measures. Soil erosion assessment in this study has been done using morgan et al. Such models often consider other landscapeforming processes in addition to erosion, such as mass movements and fluvial river erosion. May 12, 2018 soil erosion can be effectively controlled by modifying topography to reduce concentrated overland flow or by planting vegetation to reduce soil detachment and transport. Iirs carried out erosion model in mountainous terrain, the study was. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. Excessive soil erosion with a resultant high rate of sedimentation in the reservoirs and decreased fertility has become solemn environmental problems for the country with disastrous economic consequences.
Simulating erosion using ansys computational fluid dynamics. This class of models is also known as landscape evolution models among other names. Soil erosion modeling using rusle and gis on cameron highlands, malaysia for hydropower development soo huey teh a 30 ects credit units master. Epic is composed of physically based components for simulating erosion, plant growth, and related processes. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans. Upland erosion modeling rusle revised universal soil loss equation widely used method for estimating soil erosion the original usle is an empirical. Modeling soil carbon transported by water erosion processes. Dynamic monitoring of plant cover and soil erosion using. The study was conducted on a highly precipitated, rugged, tropical forested with steep slope watershed during 1992 to 2009. In corine methodology, soil erodibility is calculated by considering soil texture, soil depth, and stoniness. Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with gis. The soil erosion process is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, climate, terrain, ground cover and interactions between them.
Spatial estimation of soil erosion risk using rusle. The corrected cligen par file documentation is available here. Soil parameter inputs for wepp are based on 1992 soils5 data. Modeling the sediment yield and the impact of vegetated.
Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Title page abstract introduction conclusions references tables figures j i j i back close full screen esc printerfriendly version interactive discussion abstract soil erosion is the main driver of land degradation in ethiopia, and in the whole region of east africa. Soil erosion and sediment yield prediction accuracy using wepp. However, their hillslope erosion component usually considers only soil erosion by water. Technical guidance georgia soil and water conservation. Pdf this chapter explains the theory and methods for gisbased modeling of soil erosion, sediment transport, and deposition by surface water flow. Soil erosion assessment using gis and revised universal soil. A user friendly gis model for the estimation of erosion.
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