Outbreak of h7n8 low pathogenic avian influenza in commercial turkeys with spontaneous mutation to highly pathogenic avian influenza. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 201920 and the aap red book. Agricultural and wildlife considerations, on this web site. Avian flu, or bird flu, refers to a group of diseases that result from infections with specific influenza viruses.
Infection can range from asymptomatic to severe, depending on the virulence of the virus and the susceptibility of the avian host. Avian influenza is a viral disease of poultry that can be of low pathogenicity lpai, causing mild disease with or without clinical signs, or of high pathogenicity hpai, causing severe disease and significant death loss. This fact sheet provides definitions and a description of the tests used to diagnose avian influenza ai in u. Avian influenza is very contagious among birds, but does not usually infect humans. Testing for the presence of ai requires that samples be taken from live birds, dead birds or the environment birds inhabit.
This hpai h7 strain is of north american wild bird origin. On march 5, 2017, usda confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai h7 in a commercial poultry flock along the mississippi flyway. These viruses infect birds and rarely spread among humans. Avian influenza is a viral disease that can affect bird species throughout the world. The authors of this statement update the recommendations of the american academy of pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The most severe strain, called highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai, is caused by viruses with h5. Avian influenza bird flu avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses. Avian flu bird flu maryland department of agriculture.
Usda aphis disease response plan highly pathogenic avian influenza the red book usda aphis hpai resources usda aphis avian health information oie terrestrial animal health code. This highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai response plan. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in. Avian influenza is a slightly misleading term, as influenza is among the natural infections found in birds. These policy guidance documents are consistent with the hpai red book and.
Avian influenza, which is caused by influenza a viruses, can affect a variety of domestic and wild bird species. Avian influenza viruses are highly contagious, extremely variable viruses that are widespread in birds, particularly wild waterfowl and shorebirds. Annual influenza immunization is recommended for everyone 6 months and older, including children and. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species.
Infection risk for persons exposed to highly pathogenic. The hpai red book provides strategic guidance whereas additional policy guidance provides information on how to operationalize activities, particularly for the unified incident command. Avian influenza ai is primarily an infection of birds. Disease response plan highly pathogenic avian influenza the red book. Avian influenza, sometimes called bird flu, is an infection caused by avian influenza virus h5n1, which occurs naturally among birds. Additional resources avian influenza u sda response pla n the red book. Avian influenza definition of avian influenza by merriam. Information sheets for producers emergency response procedures. This strain of avian influenza could very well bring economic disaster to our largest agricultural sector if we dont take steps to protect the birds now.
Temperature monitoring protocol of avian influenza infected flocks may 9, 2016 job aid. Information on avian influenza avian influenza flu. For detailed information on avian influenza, see the document, avian influenza bird flu. Avian influenza definition is highly variable influenza a of birds caused by any of the subtypes of the causative orthomyxovirus of which some strains have been or may be transmitted to other vertebrates including humans especially after undergoing mutation called also avian flu. Acute myositis secondary to influenza can present with calf tenderness and refusal to walk. This plan does not replace existing regional, state. Calibration of analog thermometers march 22, 2016 compost windrow construction approval checklist for avian influenza infected flocks may 11, 2016 phase 1 windrow evaluation checklist days 114 for avian influenza infected flocks may 11, 2016.
Highlights for the upcoming 20182019 season include the following. Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian bird influenza flu type a viruses. The purpose of the present article was to determine whether avian influenza ai is capable of causing a pandemic. Highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai tactical response action plan updated september 28, 2015 hpai management the state of maryland is continually taking steps to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from, hpai. Ncdenr highly pathogenic avian influenza recommendations. For information on the appropriate diagnosis and treatment, please view the aap policy statement. Influenza information for health care professionals from the american academy of pediatrics updated january 27, 2020 the american academy of pediatrics aap committee on infectious diseases has compiled a comprehensive list of influenza resources to serve as a centralized point of reference for vaccine guidance, prevention, treatment, payment. Similarly, human infections with avian influenza viruses are uncommon but may result in a spectrum of disease including mild respiratory symptoms and.
Avian influenza ai, commonly called bird flu, is a disease found in some populations of wild water fowl that can infect chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail, ducks, geese and guinea fowl, as well as a wide variety of other domesticated and wild birds. Everything you need to know about the next pandemic stakes out the position firmly with the latter. Highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai tactical response. Everything you need to know about the next pandemic, contends that the worlds response to sars was inappropriate panic fueled by selfserving bureaucrats, and that we should all cool our jets over bird flu until its really and truly here. Amantadine hydrochloride reference guide for safe and effective use from the american society of healthsystem pharmacists ahfs di. Highly pathogenic avian influenza response plan the red book updated may 2017 1. The reason avian flu isnt more common is because its not an airborne contagionat least it hasnt been until now. Avian influenza viruses have evolved to bind to receptors in birds that differ from those in humans. Ai outbreak management plan for zoological parks and exhibitors. I suspect the proper response to the bird flu lies somewhere between hysteria and denial. Birds are the hosts for most avian influenza viruses and a variety of influenza subtypes can be found in birds.
All aspects of avian influenza are dealt with in depth, systematically covering biology, virology, diagnostics, ecology, epidemiology, clinical medicine, and the control. Of these, 22 were h5n3 subtype 21 from ducks and one from a goose, and one from a duck was an h5n2 subtype shortridge, 1992. If you suspect any type of bird flu in poultry you must report it immediately by calling the defra rural services helpline on 03000 200 301. The ha0 precursor proteins of avian influenza viruses of low virulence for poultry have a single arginine at the cleavage site and another at position 4. Influenza red book 2015 red book online aap pointofcare. Influenza virus is an orthomyxovirusan enveloped, segmented, negativesense rna virus.
Updated may 2017 incorporates policy guidance developed. Public health response to an avian influenza ah7n8 virus. The united states department of agricultures usda animal and plant health inspection service aphis has confirmed the presence of highly pathogenic h7n3 avian influenza hpai in a commercial turkey flock in chesterfield county, south carolina. These h5 viruses were not direct precursors of the asianlineage h5n1 hpai viruses. This item requires a subscription to red book online. Bird flu is similar to swine flu, dog flu, horse flu and human flu as an illness caused by strains of influenza viruses that have adapted to a specific host. The haemagglutinin glycoprotein for influenza viruses is produced as a precursor, ha0, which requires post translational cleavage by host proteases before it is functional and virus particles are infectious. The term avian influenza used in this context refers to zoonotic human infection with an influenza strain that primarily affects birds. State agriculture department renews high path avian influenza emergency orders july 8, 2016. Using research from a variety of medical journals, books and texts, the present paper evaluates the probability of the ai virus becoming sufficiently virulent to pose a global threat. Avian influenza is an infectious disease of birds caused by the influenza a virus.
Serological detection of avian influenza ah7n9 infections by horse red blood cells haemagglutinationinhibition assay pdf, 357kb. Idals, usda and the poultry industry work collaboratively to prevent, detect, respond and recover from foreign animal diseases such as avian influenza. Information, factsheets, photos, resources, and vaccines for avian influenza. Department of agriculture avian influenza bird flu. Treatment or prevention of infections caused by susceptible avian influenza a viruses. Influenza resources red book online aap pointofcare. For most canadians, the risk of getting avian influenza bird flu is extremely low. In infants, influenza can produce a nonspecific sepsislike illness picture, and in infants and young children, influenza occasionally causes croup, pertussis likeillness, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia. Human infections with avian influenza viruses are uncommon but may result in a spectrum of disease from mild respiratory symptoms and conjunctivitis to. Linking to a nonfederal website does not constitute an endorsement by cdc or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Areas affected by h5n1 avian influenza in poultry or migratory birds as of april 2009 are shown in the following table. The red book is the national framework for responding to an outbreak of avian influenza. Influenza report is a medical textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of epidemic and pandemic influenza download pdf. Infection with avian influenza viruses fao avian influenza.
Avian influenza testing and diagnostics april 2015. Bird flu maryland department of agriculture maryland. With the unengineered version, you have to touch something thats been. Influenza report has also been published in albanian, chinese, croatian, german, indonesian, italian, mongolian, serbian, and slovenian to be informed about new chapters or editions, please subscribe to the influenza report alert. Influenza red book 2018 red book online aap pointofcare. In this study, the authors infected 5monthold cats using 2 different north american shorebird avian influenza viruses h1n9 and h6n4 subtypes, 3 cats per virus, with the goal of expanding the. Amantadine hydrochloride monograph for professionals. The type with the greatest risk is highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai.
Avian influenza, known informally as avian flu or bird flu, is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds. Influenza information for health care professionals from the american academy of pediatrics updated september 4, 2019 the american academy of pediatrics aap committee on infectious diseases has compiled a comprehensive list of influenza resources to serve as a centralized point. Although some strains of avian influenza a h5n1 have been susceptible to amantadine, 38 42 126 avian influenza a virus strains. The disease can vary from mild to severe, depending on the virus strain involved. Avian influenza iowa department of agriculture and land. The red book open pdf 19 mb between december 2014 and june 2015, the united states experienced its largest highly pathogenic avian influenza hpai outbreakand most serious animal health disease incidentin history. Nonetheless, human infections with avian influenza viruses have occurred.
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